Energy has a very important place in human life. With the developing technology, this situation has become more evident. Considering the increasing energy prices, the difficulties in accessing energy resources, and greenhouse gas emissions, the issue of energy efficiency in transmission and distribution lines has gained importance.
Energy losses in electricity cause inefficient energy in energy production, transmission and distribution and increase costs.
- I²R losses due to increased line resistance from long distribution networks.
- Some of the energy caused by the inadequacy of the conductor dimensions of the distribution lines emerges as heat.
- Assembling distribution transformers away from load centers also causes voltage drop, resulting in losses.
- In primary and secondary distribution systems, for a given load, if the power factor is low, the losses will increase more in proportion to the high drawn currents and the square of the current.
Choosing the right cable and equipment and the quality of measuring instruments play an important role in minimizing losses in electricity transmission and distribution.
Quality electrical energy must be in the form of a sinus signal, and the voltage amplitude and frequency must maintain their nominal values. Interruptions, pulses, flickers, divergence of the waveform from the sinus signal, three-phase and single-phase imbalances, frequency changes degrade the electrical energy. In these situations, imbalances in active and reactive power create harmonics and cause decreases in power factor.
To prevent this, filter circuits are used. Filtering, also known as compensation, is of great importance in electrical transmission, distribution and industrial facilities. Keeping reactive and active power regular and reducing harmonics is of great importance in power systems and is important to keep electricity costs in order and to avoid penalties for industrial plants.
- Active Filtering
- Passive Filtering
There are different types of filtration types available. The most preferred types in electricity transmission and distribution are Active LC Filter and Passive LC Filters. In both filtering circuits, coil and capacitor pairs are used. Harmonics can be suppressed using these circuits.
Active LC filters can completely eliminate harmonics and greatly improve the energy quality.
Passive LC filters are also very good at correcting the voltage level and reducing harmonics.
Both filtering techniques should be carefully and meticulously designed according to cost, connection types and usage area.
