Mobile Internet
Unwittingly, the world is moving rapidly towards an intelligent age that is based on connectivity.
In today’s technology age, smartphones, tablets and many mobile devices are becoming more of a necessity than a luxury. Connecting to the internet anytime and anywhere is now becoming a part of our lives because of the be aware of important emails, follow current news, Learn location information and research, etc. as long as our phone receives a good signal from the cellular network, it has become quite possible to connect to the internet from anywhere. Mobile internet is provided by phone operators. GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access), EVDO, EVDO-Rev1, WCDMA, UMTS / HSPA, GPRS, EDGE, LTE (Long-Term Evolution), LTE-A (Long-Term Evolution Advanced ) and 5G technology is used.
CDMA
This technology actually developed by the allied forces during the Second World War to prevent the Nazis from jamming radio signals. Unlike GSM, CDMA allows users full access to the entire band spectrum. It allows many more users to connect at any time. It also encodes each user’s individual conversation via a unique digital sequence to protect and keep voice data private. Since time and frequency resources are not divided in CMDA, it has been possible for us to reach the data rates we use now. In this respect, CDMA forms the basis of 3G technology WCDMA.
GSM
GSM uses a combination of FDMA and TDMA as a way to share wireless bandwidth. That is, FDMA (frequency division multiple access) means that bandwidth is divided into channels and TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) channels can be used. Used for different tasks at different times. During these intervals phones can transmit information. In order for the network to know which users are connected to the network, each phone must use a subscriber identification module (SIM) card.
Mobile Technology and Standards
CDMA and GSM came as basic standard in the 2G era. In the GSM 2G era, it used GPRS and EDGE standard. CDMA used the CDMA2000 standard.
Later, UMTS, HSPA, HSPA +, LTE, LTE-A, 5G technologies were widely used in mobile data transfers.
GPRS
It is the third generation technology step towards internet access. GPRS is also known as GSM-IP (Global System Mobile Communication Internet Protocol) as it is the technology that keeps the users of this system online, allowing them to make voice calls and access the internet while on the move.
EDGE
EDGE officially named 2.9G. But generally it is called “2G” by users today. As part of the GSM family, it is also standardized by 3GPP.
UMTS
UMTS utilizes Broadband Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA) radio access technology to offer mobile network operators greater spectral efficiency and bandwidth.
HSPA
High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) is a wireless access technology designed to increase internet connection capacity from 3G mobile terminals. It includes HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) and HSUPA (High Speed Uplink Packet Access) standards. Refers to package optimizations for download and installation.
HSPA+
This technology, developed after HSPA, is also called 3.5G. It is the most advanced member of 3G technology.
LTE
It is designed to increase the capacity and speed of mobile phone networks. While older generation mobile telecommunications networks are collectively referred to as 2G or 3G, this technology, which is a step towards 4th generation (4G) radio technologies, is called 4G.
5G
5G, the 5th generation technology, seems a bit complicated now. It came out in three different varieties.
This technology, which has different wavelengths, performs very differently in each band range. It works very similar to the most commonly used low band 4G.
Data transfer rates are;
GPRS, 56-114 Kbit/s
Edge(E), 400 Kbit/s
CDMA2000 , 80-100 Kbit/s
UMTS(3G), 2 Mbit/s
HSPA(H), 14 Mbit/s
HSPA+(H+), 42Mbit/s
LTE(4G), 100 Mbit/s
LTE-A(4.5G), 300 Mbit/s
LTE-A Pro 600-1000 Mbit/s
5G, 1-10 Gbit/s
